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Investment Strategies Explained

Tags: investing | investment plan | investment strategies | round-trip | shares | stock | stop-loss

You have decided to go it a try, it’s time to build a plan for your investing strategy.

Think of it in terms of preparing dinner. To be most effective and efficient a plan helps. To make a pasta dinner you buy the appropriate ingredients and prepare them for the meal. For successful investing the same principals apply. The meal being ready to eat equates to the selling of the investment.

A sound investment strategy consists of an analysis process and execution plan. The analysis works best when it is a simple and manageable method, the famous buy-low-and-sell-high comes to mind! The execution of the strategy involves two parts, an entry (or buy) point and an exit (or sell) point.  

There are hundreds of tools and resources available to help with your investment decisions. One place to start is with the market status, which gives you the big picture, think ‘all the types of pasta available’. This is just one piece, to narrow our focus we need to define the scope. As an example if we decide our meal will be made with spaghetti pasta, many decisions still need to be made, whether you choose fresh pasta and/or which brand.

Back to investing, let’s pursue a stock strategy. To target small cap companies on the rise the parameters to use for analysis could be as follows:

  • Small Cap
  • Daily Trading Volume greater than 200k
  • Stock Price greater than $10 per share
  • Choose two from the top ten based on your intuition

Let’s name the strategy top gainers, which yield’s several interesting companies such as Oshkosh Corporation (OSK) and AO Smith Corporation (AOS). We execute our strategy by buying stock shares of both these companies.

Meanwhile, in the kitchen the pot of water is almost boiling, my red sauce is simmering nicely; it includes a bunch of vegetables and meatballs. Back to our new investment, it is wise to monitor and track the share price. As part of the execution strategy we define target exit points. For each investment there are only two exit options, one is for profit, and other is for loss. One of the simplest ways to build the exit points is a percent of purchase price methodology. For example, you may choose a 10% stop-loss and a 20% gain exit point.

As I put the finishing touches on the meal for my family, I check the markets and note that Oshkosh is up 21% from my buy price – time to sell and AO Smith is down 10%, also time to sell. We have successfully complete what is called a round-trip trade. Having a strategy is critical to ensuring your best chance of investing success. Keep in mind there is no guarantee that your investment return will always be positive!

Last Updated (Monday, 24 October 2011 21:30)

 

What is an ETF?

Tags: ETF investing | exchange traded fund

Although it sounds like an electronic device, ETF is actually the acronym for exchange-traded fund. An ETF is a basket of securities much like a mutual fund; however they trade on the open market exchanges just like stock.

As an investment instrument ETFs are still very young, having been around since the late 1980s. Their growth blossomed in the 2000s as multiple companies entered into the business and customers really liked the idea of more focused investment that offered lower costs than mutual funds. One of the largest ETFs is the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts (NYSESPY), it tracks the S&P500, a major index.

Today there are over 1,100 ETFs with asset a value of over $900 billion. They offer a tremendous variety of investment opportunities tailored to specific regions, sectors, commodities, bonds, future and other asset classes.

How does that basket of securities work? To help explain it let us look at one ETF, the fund KOL, which focuses or tracks to the coal industry index. If we are confident that coal will play a role in providing energy needs to world in the future this ETF is a great way to invest. Almost 80% of the portfolio is consolidated in ten of the key coal industry companies like Joy Global, Peabody Energy, CONSOL Energy and Alpha Natural Resources.

Why not just buy a mutual fund? There are several differences between mutual funds and ETFs, a key one is precision. As a general rule mutual funds are spreading the bets across many companies and industries, while a targeted ETF is focused on small group of companies. Expense wise, mutual funds cost more than ETFs as a percentage of assets invested.

ETFs are a fast-growing investment vehicle that offers the average investor a chance to effectively manage a portfolio in a diversified and low-cost way. The key is having a good trading strategy and following it!

Last Updated (Saturday, 10 September 2011 14:40)

 

What is a mutual fund?

Tags: investment instrument | mutual fund

A mutual fund is a pooled and professionally managed investment instrument. By pooled we mean that many people or investors have bought or purchased shares. When you buy shares you become a shareholder. Typically the mutual fund purchase is done in a 401k or IRA, or brokerage account. The large investment companies such as Fidelity or Vanguard provide individuals direct access to buying their funds.

The professional management is primarily about expertise as well as being registered and following the various laws regarding investment sales, reporting guidelines and legal structure. As a result of the stock market crash of 1929 the Securities Act of 1933 was passed, this was the first of many laws governing mutual funds.

Mutual funds have a fascinating history beginning in Europe with a Dutch merchant in 1774. After first being introduced in the United States in the 1890s, they grew in popularity until the 1929 crash. The advent of the corporation and defined benefit plans led to extended slow growth period for the industry until 1970’s, when middle class America had funds to invest. The industry continued to grow rapidly in the 1980s and 1990s as 401ks and IRAs became the standard retirement investment instrument.

The number of funds available has grown from 360 in the early 1970s to move 7,600 at the end of 2009. Per the Investment Company Institute (ICI), combined assets in mutual were $11.121 trillion for US shareholders and $22.964 trillion worldwide.

For the person with a long time horizon to hold shares mutual funds can be an effective investment instrument. The caveat for investors is to be aware that the buy and hold strategies of the past may not be effective in the future. The dot.com bubble, the 2008 crash and the 2011 market crash have taught the harsh lesson of ignoring periodic portfolio reviews and asset allocation.

Last Updated (Saturday, 10 September 2011 14:40)

 

Why Buy Stock?

It’s all about return on investment.  We buy stock to achieve superior gains, as the long-term average return of stocks is 11.5%.  Historically stocks have been solid investments.  Purchasing shares of stock is the most direct and uncomplicated form of investing.  The challenge is buying the right stock.


With thousands of stocks to choose from you will need a strategy to trim down to a manageable list of targets.  Truth be told the less complex the strategy the easier to implement and execute.  Simple strategies do work, just ask one of the best known investors, Peter Lynch.


One of the simplest ways to find a company to invest is by knowing what you know.  If you’re a coffee person it’s likely that you have visited a Starbucks (SBUX) to enjoy a freshly brewed cup of coffee.  You probably noticed a lot of other people visit Starbucks as well, and furthermore Starbucks has abundant locations in most cities.


Another simple strategy is to target by market capitalization (market cap).  The table below shows the respective categories:

 

Sizing up a Stock:

Category Market Capitalization
Micro-cap less than $500 million
Small-cap $500 million to $2 billion
Mid-cap $2 billion to $10 billion
Large-cap $10 billion to $100 billion
Mega-cap exceeding $100 billion

 

A more advanced, yet still simple screening methodology is to combine several criteria factors together.   By combining variables such as Mid-cap, stock price greater than $20 and earnings per share (EPS) greater than 10% a manageable list of potential targets companies can be created very quickly.  Additional variables can be added to further narrow the list.


Generally for stocks, the higher the market cap the safer or less risky the company will be.  However, there are always exceptions – anyone remember Enron?

 

 

What is Stock?

In one word it is ‘Ownership’.  As investors we choose to buy a share of a company.  We then own a piece of the companies’ assets, as well as a share of the profits.

Companies sell stock shares to raise capital to operate.  For the most part shares are traded on the national exchanges such as New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ.  The price of each share is market driven based on the future value of the earnings of the company, rather than the current net asset value.  For example company ABC has a book value of $30 (assets of $90 against liabilities $60).  The stock may have a value of $50 based on its future earnings potential, or use of assets.

In the past when you bought shares of company a stock certificate was issued to you.  The ‘holder’ of this paper effectively was the owner.  In the 1970’s the brokerage firms provided safekeeping of these certificates, then in the 1990’s the industry converted to an electronic forum to represent the ‘certificate’.

Buying a stock today is very simple, and as the E*TRADE baby commercials reveal, it takes just a few button clicks to buy shares in a company such as Apple (AAPL).

 
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